What happens when the angle is 90°?

At 90°, the surface is parallel to the magnetic field lines (rather than perpendicular), and cos(90°) = 0, meaning no field lines actually pass through the surface — flux is zero.

Why does this matter for generators and transformers?

Electromagnetic induction depends on the rate of change of magnetic flux through a coil — this is the foundational quantity behind Faraday's Law and how generators produce electricity.

Magnetic Flux Calculator

Calculate magnetic flux — the total magnetic field passing through a surface — based on the magnetic field strength, the surface area, and the angle between the field and the surface's normal vector.

Inputs

Results

Magnetic Flux: 0.01 Wb

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Formula

Φ = B × A × cos(θ)

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Electromagnetism Essentials: Fields, Capacitance, and Flux

Electric field from a point charge, parallel plate capacitance, magnetic flux, and resistivity — four foundational electromagnetism calculations.

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